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General-Usage Types

This page is still under construction!

tq also has some other primitive types that aren't just numbers. Some of them exists to create some abstractions with complex collections of numerical values or create type encapsulation.

Booleans​

Booleans are types that can only represent the binary values true or false. These two values are extremely important to handle conditionals or hold simple states without messing the values.

bool    # 1-bit | `true` or `false`
let cake = false

if (cake) Std.Console.writeln("Yummy!")
else Std.Console.writeln("The cake is a lie!")
Console Output
The cake is a lie!

Strings​

A string is a data structure that is able to store text data. A string can be used to store and reproduce text characters easily. \

string    # variable size (can be heap or statically allocated)
let string mySpeek = "Hello, World!"
Std.Console.writeln(mySpeek)

mySpeek = "Goodbie, World!"
Std.Console.writeln(mySpeek)
Console Output
Hello, World!
Goodbie, World!

In tq, every string is by default encoded in UTF-8, with characters varying from 1-4 bytes in length. To be able to use other encodings, null

Chars​

This feature is still not implemented!

Chars are data structures made to hold a single text character. Chars value can either be set or assigned manually with a character value or it can be set by getting a character from an index of a string.
As every string in tq is UTF-8, every character have the same length as a i32 in memory, being able to hold every possible character of the Unicode char set.

note

Keep in mind that some unicode characters may use more than one character to be stored, e.g. "🇧🇷" = '🇧' + '🇷'.
The Char struct cannot store that characters, use a String or a slice of Chars for it!

Chars are be castable from integers lower than 32 bits e.g. u8, i7 or u32 and castable to any integer.

char    # 32-bits | can represent single unicode characters
const string myString = "Hello, World!"

let char myChar = 'U'
myChar = myString[7]
Std.Console.writeln(myChar as byte) # '87'

Range​

This feature is still not implemented!

Ranges are types with a special syntax and are used widelly though the language. They can be representd as:

<start>..<finish>:<step>

And some values can be implicited, like:

..10     # from 0 to 10
..10:8   # from 0 to 10, in steps of 8
5..      # from 5 to undefined limit
5..:14   # from 0 to undefined limit, in steps of 14

To iterate though a range, get a instance of the range iterator:

from Std.Console import

const myRange = 0..20 : 2
var iterator = myRange.iterator()

var uint i
while (iterator.reachEnd()) : (i = iterator.next()) do {
    writeln(i)
}

or simply use for instead:

var uint i
for i in iterator do {
    writeln(i)
}

Void​

Void is an abstract type and it is used to indicate that a value is not returned.

void

NoReturn​

NoReturn is an abstract type that is used to indicate that a function does not returns.

noreturn